CHAPTER II : OATHS

§2 An oath which is required or accepted by the canons cannot validly be taken by proxy.

§2 An oath extorted by deceit, force or grave fear is by virtue of the law itself invalid.

§2 An act which directly threatens harm to others or is prejudicial to the public good or to eternal salvation, is in no way reinforced by an oath sworn to do that act.

1° if it is remitted by the person in whose favour the oath was sworn;

2° if what was sworn is substantially changed or, because of altered circumstances, becomes evil or completely irrelevant, or hinders a greater good;

3° if the purpose or the condition ceases under which the oath may have been made;

4° by dispensation or commutation in accordance with Can. 1203.