Part, Chapter, Paragraph
1 I, 2. 1 | health. In addition to the direct effect of health on economy,
2 I, 2. 2 | restrictions on foreign direct investments and other capital
3 I, 2. 5 | restrictions on foreign direct investment and other capital
4 I, 2. 7 | of these issue may have direct or indirect effects on health,
5 I, 2. 8 | Energy-generating~Resource~ ~Direct health impacts~ ~ ~ ~ ~Indirect
6 I, 2. 10. 3| more and more real. 6 The direct employment effects of ICTs
7 I, 2. 10. 3| Framework programmes are of direct interest to DG Health and
8 II, 4. 1 | HLY does not yet permit direct comparison with these two
9 II, 5. 2. 3| future to distinguish between direct PCI (coronary angioplasty
10 II, 5. 4. 1| great or even greater than direct health care costs (WHO 2002).
11 II, 5. 4. 6| further investigations or direct actions. The definition
12 II, 5. 4. 6| in all countries with the direct contribution of scientific
13 II, 5. 5. 3| schizophrenia exceeds the direct treatment costs due to remarkable
14 II, 5. 5. 3| research is needed to separate direct effects from more general
15 II, 5. 5. 3| distance (Gaebel et al, 2005).~Direct and indirect costs of schizophrenia~
16 II, 5. 5. 3| true for schizophrenia. The direct costs account only for a
17 II, 5. 5. 3| do not in all cases cover direct and indirect expenditures
18 II, 5. 5. 3| for the highest amount of direct costs, as evaluated by Andlin-Sobocki (
19 II, 5. 5. 3| co-workers explored the direct and indirect costs in a
20 II, 5. 5. 3| years. They found that the direct costs were dominated by
21 II, 5. 5. 3| represented only 7% of the direct costs. Indirect costs represented
22 II, 5. 5. 3| F20-F29~Figure 5.5.3.2.7. Direct healthcare costs by brain
23 II, 5. 5. 3| in these studies has made direct comparison of risk factors
24 II, 5. 5. 3| necessarily because of a direct lack of association, and
25 II, 5. 5. 3| per patient in 2005, total direct costs (healthcare costs [
26 II, 5. 5. 3| with a mean of €31 000. Direct costs, excluding informal
27 II, 5. 5. 3| billion in 2005 (41% of direct costs or 20% of the total
28 II, 5. 5. 3| Directive 2000/78 EC, prohibits direct and indirect discrimination
29 II, 5. 5. 3| secondary progression, direct comparison of immunomodulatory
30 II, 5. 5. 3| EU25 and EFTA countries. Direct cost outside the formal
31 II, 5. 5. 3| constituting 57% of the total cost. Direct healthcare cost totalled
32 II, 5. 5. 3| 2007; Spottke et al, 2005). Direct cost only reflect a small
33 II, 5. 5. 3| Peto V, Playfer JR (2003): Direct economic impact of Parkinson’
34 II, 5. 6. 3| which almost two-thirds were direct costs of medical care (Levy
35 II, 5. 6. 3| Economic impact~ ~The direct and indirect cost of illness
36 II, 5. 6. 3| Birnbaum et al, 2000). The direct costs are typically between
37 II, 5. 6. 3| the total (Woolf, 2008). Direct costs are high during the
38 II, 5. 6. 3| found to be less than 20% of direct costs in earlier studies
39 II, 5. 6. 4| of costs related to the direct costs of health care, although
40 II, 5. 6. 4| are not negligible. The direct costs will increase with
41 II, 5. 6. 4| Meerding, 1998). The total direct cost for health services
42 II, 5. 6. 6| Wanke LA, Buatti MC (2000): Direct and Indirect Costs of Rheumatoid
43 II, 5. 6. 6| Zeidler H, Ruof J (2005): Direct Costs Related to Rheumatoid
44 II, 5. 7. 1| these diseases impose high direct and indirect costs to society.
45 II, 5. 8. 3| shown that the estimates of direct annual costs per patient
46 II, 5. 8. 3| one-third of the total direct COPD cost was directed to
47 II, 5. 8. 3| In other studies, average direct costs per patient were estimated
48 II, 5. 8. 3| accounting for about 60% of direct costs (Jansson et al, 2002).~ ~
49 II, 5. 8. 5| history should be used to direct the decision process.~ ~
50 II, 5. 9. 3| must be considered, such as direct and indirect costs. A more
51 II, 5. 9. 3| and long-term reduction of direct and indirect costs.~ ~At
52 II, 5. 9. 3| Europe is consistent and the direct costs are related to outpatient
53 II, 5. 9. 3| estimation of the proportion of direct costs of asthma care. The
54 II, 5. 9. 3| make up 37% of the total direct cost of asthma; hospital
55 II, 5. 9. 4| children (n = 966) with no direct contact to agriculture,
56 II, 5. 9. 5| immediate benefits and long term direct and indirect costs and include
57 II, 5. 11. 3| fashion, there is reasonable direct and indirect evidence to
58 II, 5. 11. 4| hand psoriasis confer a direct disability by affecting
59 II, 5. 11. 4| and these have shown that direct costs are as high as for
60 II, 5. 12. 2| were computed using the direct method based on the world
61 II, 5. 13 | diseases associated with it (direct costs); lost of productivity
62 II, 5. 13 | 2005). In 2002, the total direct and indirect annual costs
63 II, 5. 13 | prepared a compilation of direct cost studies worldwide including
64 II, 6. 3. 1| costs based on both the direct health service costs and
65 II, 6. 3. 1| billions of euro.~ ~Besides the direct and indirect annual costs,
66 II, 6. 3. 3| in these countries making direct comparisons inappropriate.
67 II, 6. 3. 4| deaths. In addition to the direct impact on health services,
68 II, 6. 3. 5| coverage does not exhibit a direct relationship with the wealth
69 II, 6. 3. 6| include outdoor swimming and direct contact with infected animals.~
70 II, 6. 3. 6| in many countries makes direct comparisons between them
71 II, 6. 3. 6| or contaminated water. Direct contact with infected animals
72 II, 6. 3. 6| Humans become infected by direct or indirect contact with
73 II, 6. 3. 6| usually infected through direct exposure to faeces from
74 II, 6. 3. 7| from infected ticks; 2) direct contact or ingestion of
75 II, 6. 3. 7| are usually infected by direct inhalation of aerosols during
76 II, 6. 3. 7| Infection in humans may follow direct or indirect exposure to
77 II, 6. 3. 7| through a bite from, or direct contact with saliva of,
78 II, 7. 4. 2| and an excess share in the direct medical costs~ ~Every year
79 II, 7. 5 | substantial proportion of direct cost related to injury is
80 II, 8. 2. 2| impairment can be divided into direct and indirect costs. The
81 II, 8. 2. 2| and indirect costs. The direct costs are those of the treatment
82 II, 9 | of her child. There is a direct relation between low birth weight,
83 II, 9. 2. 4| of her child. There is a direct relation between low birth weight,
84 II, 9. 3. 2| obstetrical death, both direct (the pregnancy directly
85 III, 10. 1. 1| be causal or non-causal, direct or indirect, and synergistic
86 III, 10. 1. 1| and energy expenditure are direct modulators of body weight.
87 III, 10. 2. 1| All the diseases caused by direct smoke and second-hand smoke
88 III, 10. 2. 1| can be expressed as~ ~ ~ “Direct costs”, associated with
89 III, 10. 2. 1| individuals, rather than the direct effects of nicotine (NID ).~
90 III, 10. 2. 1| people and adults. There is a direct relationship between alcohol
91 III, 10. 2. 1| 2004, more than 122 000 direct drug-related deaths were
92 III, 10. 2. 1| Institute, 2006) allows direct comparison of levels of
93 III, 10. 2. 1| diseases associated with it (direct costs); lost of productivity
94 III, 10. 2. 1| 2005). In 2002, the total direct and indirect annual costs
95 III, 10. 2. 1| prepared a compilation of direct cost studies worldwide including
96 III, 10. 3. 1| more circumstantial than direct. The physiological role
97 III, 10. 3. 2| Identified inputs such as direct discharges from industrial
98 III, 10. 3. 4| health aspects of floods into direct effects caused by the floodwaters (
99 III, 10. 3. 4| populations through their direct and indirect impact on health
100 III, 10. 4. 1| fine particles and ozone~· Direct SO2 and NO2 effects omitted,
101 III, 10. 4. 2| the existence of a serious direct or indirect risk to human
102 III, 10. 4. 2| rejection, related to a direct or indirect risk to human
103 III, 10. 4. 2| nutrients. The need for direct evidence of benefit to humans (
104 III, 10. 4. 3| the modern society have direct impacts on water supply
105 III, 10. 4. 5| on human health through direct contact, aerosols inhalation
106 III, 10. 4. 5| effects of land-filling lack direct exposure measurements of
107 III, 10. 5. 1| concerns are predominant while direct health effects are rare.
108 III, 10. 5. 3| international level.~The direct employment effects of ICTs
109 III, 10. 5. 3| restrictions on foreign direct investment and other capital
110 III, 10. 5. 3| health promotion on the direct medical costs was also studied
111 IV, 11. 1. 5| cream-skimming~There is a direct relationship between strategies
112 IV, 11. 1. 5| methods and quality of care~ ~Direct financial incentives to
113 IV, 11. 2. 1| services, while others offer direct access and typically a greater
114 IV, 11. 3. 2| Common methods include direct fixed price control, profit
115 IV, 11. 3. 2| combination of price and volume, direct price regulation schemes
116 IV, 11. 6. 2| called user charges), and direct out-of-pocket payments (
117 IV, 11. 6. 2| include both cost sharing and direct payments) (see below).~ ~
118 IV, 11. 6. 2| Taxation has different sources (direct or indirect), different
119 IV, 11. 6. 2| general or hypothecated). Direct taxes are taxes levied on
120 IV, 11. 6. 2| individuals, households or firms. Direct taxes have the potential
121 IV, 11. 6. 2| income taxes, a form of direct tax, are progressive if
122 IV, 11. 6. 2| tax). While on the whole direct taxation is equitable, inequities
123 IV, 11. 6. 2| level of indirect versus direct, local versus national and
124 IV, 11. 6. 2| to the more progressive direct taxes the equity gains will
125 IV, 11. 6. 2| in broadly three forms: direct payments (‘pure private’
126 IV, 11. 6. 2| systems. The three forms of direct cost sharing consist of:
127 IV, 11. 6. 2| payments into cost sharing, direct payments and, if recorded,
128 IV, 11. 6. 2| also reflect increases in direct and/or informal payments.
129 IV, 11. 6. 3| overall progressiveness. Direct taxes are progressive in
130 IV, 11. 6. 3| member States of the time, direct taxes are progressively
131 IV, 11. 6. 3| decline in the share of direct (personal and corporate)
132 IV, 11. 6. 3| taxes with a ceiling and direct consumption taxes.~ ~The
133 IV, 11. 6. 5| Expenditure Transfers and Direct Transfers in Eight Countries.
134 IV, 12. 1 | started its life in 1950 as a direct response to shortage in
135 IV, 12. 1 | fields which have as their direct objective the protection
136 IV, 12. 2 | further investigation or direct action.~ ~Main relevant
137 IV, 12. 4 | advice on all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food
138 IV, 12. 8 | legislation which has a direct impact on health in areas
139 IV, 12. 10 | Statistics Office~which measures direct drug-related deaths~based.
140 IV, 12. 10 | tasks and activities have a direct impact on public health,
141 IV, 13. 8 | membership, others have direct adherents. They work at
142 IV, 13. 8 | awareness raising campaigns to direct contacts with policy makers.
143 IV, 13. 8 | Along with informal and direct contacts with EU officials,
